How Christ Governs His Church | Presbyterian Church Government FAQ

Presbyterian church government is a system where Christ rules His Church through a plurality of elders at every level. Leadership is exercised collectively, not individually, through local sessions, regional presbyteries, and a national General Assembly. It is a grassroots system designed for the care, protection, and spiritual flourishing of the congregation.

Sermon: Well Ordered

In episcopal systems (like Roman Catholic or Episcopal churches), authority flows through a hierarchy of individuals such as bishops. In congregational systems (such as Baptist and non-denominational churches), each local congregation governs itself independently. In contrast, Presbyterian government features a connected series of governing bodies (church courts) made up of multiple elders, providing mutual accountability without concentrating power in one person or congregation.

A plurality of elders ensures that no single individual can dominate the church. Decisions are made together, providing discernment, accountability, and protection for the congregation. This structure guards against abuses of authority and reflects a biblical understanding of human sin and the need for wise oversight.

Sermon: Officers of the Church

Yes. While the Bible does not lay out a detailed manual for church government, it provides clear examples:

• Numbers 11 — God appointed elders to assist Moses in caring for His people.
• Acts 15 — A council of apostles and elders met to resolve doctrinal controversy through Scripture.
• Acts 20 — Paul charged a group of elders to guard and shepherd the flock of God.

Elders (both ruling elders and teaching elders) are tasked with the spiritual oversight of the congregation: guarding doctrine, shepherding the flock, and exercising pastoral care. Deacons are responsible for acts of mercy and service, caring for the physical needs within the congregation. Both offices serve under the headship of Christ and are essential for the church’s health and mission.

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Authority flows not from individuals but from church courts composed of elders:

• Session — Governs the local congregation.
• Presbytery — Oversees a regional group of churches.
• General Assembly — Handles matters of church-wide importance.

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Presbyterian government matters because it:

• Protects the purity of the church.
• Provides accountability to leaders and congregations.
• Ensures that Christ, not any one person, is recognized as the true head of the church.
• Strengthens the church’s witness by encouraging unity in doctrine and practice.

Presbyterian government reflects Christ’s ongoing care for His people. By raising up servants who guard, guide, and nourish the congregation, Jesus ensures His Church is not left vulnerable. It is an act of grace that He governs His people wisely and tenderly through His Word, His Spirit, and His appointed officers.